Elegest Elegeş
type: channel
description: Journal Elegest Elegeş started publication in 2021 under the name Turistika (ISSN: 2792-0992 ISSN: 2792-0380) Elegest Elegeş is an interdisipliner, international and peer-reviewed academic journal published twice a year. Articles written in any of the languages Turkish, English, German, French and Russian are published in our journal APA (American Psychological Association) 7th Edition reference system is used in our journal. All scientific, spelling and legal responsibilities of the articles published in the journal belong to the authors. Owner │ Sahibi Prof. Dr. Kenan GÜLLÜ, Erciyes Üniversitesi, kgullu@erciyes.edu.tr Responsible Manager │ Yazı İşleri Müdürü Prof. Dr. Kenan GÜLLÜ, Erciyes Üniversitesi, kgullu@erciyes.edu.tr
publisher: KENAN GÜLLÜ
language: en
publication name: Elegest Elegeş
issn: 3023-7726
copyright: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; cursor: text; display: inline; float: none; font-family: &quot; noto sans&quot;,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Elegeş Dergisinde makalelerin telif hakları Yazarlardadır. <span style="display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #000000; cursor: text; font-family: 'Noto Sans',Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; cursor: text; display: inline; float: none; font-family: &quot; noto sans&quot;,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Elegeş Dergisi, yayınladığı makaleleri Creative Commons (cc by-nc-nd 4.0) lisansı kapsamında korumaktadır. Makale gönderen yazarlar bunu kabul etmiş sayılır.
items: Corporate and legal infrastructure in the Islamic finance industry
items: Effects of Financial Technologies on Ecological Sustainability in Resource Efficiency Perspectiıve: Empirical Evidence from G20 Countries
items: The Grain Crisis Caused by the Russia-Ukraine War and the Role of Türkiye
items: The Silent King: A Johari Window Reading on the Film The King’s Speech
items: https://www.elegest.com/index.php/1/article/view/72
items: Workplace bullying and cynicism: The case of the retail sector
items: The importance of geographical indication products in destination promotion: The case of Develi
items: The differentiation between generations: studies on generations x, y and z
items: Outsourcing in multinational companies
items: The relationship between workplace spirituality- employees’ workplace commitment and job satisfaction: A case study in Kayseri Organized Industrial Zone, Turkey
items: Reconstruction in Georgia After Cold War: Zviad Gamsakhurdia and Eduard Şevardnadze Period
items: An Outlook on Global Tourism in the COVID- 19 Normalization Process: An Examination of Global Tourism Businesses in Fortune 1000
items: Corporate identity and public relations in universities
items: The impact of sales promotion strategies implemented by online retailers in virtual environments on consumer purchase decision
items: Transformation from Traditional Retailer to Electronic Retailer (E-Retail): An Assessment on Online Marketers
items: The Effects of Digital Marketing Strategies and Online Reviews on HotelPerformance: An Application in Hotel Operations Operating in Corum
items: ALiterature Review on Tourist Guidance and Tourist 5.0 in the Period of Smart Tourism
items: Evaluation of Customer Journey Touchpointsin Online Shopping: An Application in Textile and Apparel Industry
items: An Evaluation on Homestay asaType of Community-Based Tourism
items: A Model Proposal for Occupational Safety and Healthfor Tourism Enterprises
items: The Impact of the New Public Administration Approach on Public Institutions and the Model of the Public Business Management
items: Application of Personality Analysis for Brands in the Automotive Industry: Investigation of Aaker's Dimensions of Brand Personality
items: Where is Luxury Tourism Headed? A Conceptual Evaluation
items: Cultural Intelligence and Organizational Intelligence: A Comparative Study
items: Human Resources Management in Tourism The Case of Azerbaijan
items: The Importance of Public Investments in Regional Development: The Case of Ağrı
items: An overview of global tourism in the Covid-19 process: a sectoral review of global tourism businesses in Fortune 1000
items: Theorical backgroung of demographic variables in marketing research
items: Political systems of the USSR and the Russian Federation
items: The expansion process of the shanghai cooperation organization and its effects on regional balances

Corporate and legal infrastructure in the Islamic finance industry
type: item
description: The Islamic finance industry is one of the fastest growing and most researched topics of the last fifty years. During this time, of course, the role of institutionalization in this development is great. In particular, the establishment of the institutional structure that started in the world in the 1970s led to the issue of interest-free finance being brought to the agenda in Turkey in the 1980s. Winking at an open economy with the January 24 Decisions, Turkey wanted to get a share from the foreign exchange reserves that were accumulating rapidly due to the rising oil prices in its nearby geography. In the study, the legal development of the interest-free finance industry has been revealed step by step since then. In addition, today, both the strengthening of the legal ground and the institutions that function in supervision have been transferred. In the world, it is seen that international organizations such as the Islamic Cooperation Organization (OIC) and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) play an important role in the development of Islamic finance. In addition to these institutions, there are international institutions that pave the way for the development of the Islamic finance industry in matters such as supervision, regulation, financing and education. It is aimed to contribute to the literature by presenting all this national and international structure holistically.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Islamic finance
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: audit
  topic: keywords
subject: Institutional structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Development Bank
  topic: keywords
creator: Özcan Kuzulu
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Dr. Özcan Kuzulu (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-03-31
publication date: 2023-03-31
starting page: 25
ending page: 40
doi: 10.64360/q4ym1b64

Effects of Financial Technologies on Ecological Sustainability in Resource Efficiency Perspectiıve: Empirical Evidence from G20 Countries
type: item
description: Ecological concern caused by economic activities is a common problem of the whole world. In addition to human development, sustainable environment is one of the sustainable development goals. Environmental concerns have brought financial management and technology together, creating digital transformation. Rapidly expanding financial technologies (fintech) have become one of the key dynamics of sustainable development. This study focuses on analyzing the relationship between fintech and environmental degradation for 19 G20 countries from a resource efficiency perspective. To this end, quantile regression and dynamic regression models are used. MMQR, which measures marginal effects across quantiles, and the system GMM estimator, which measures dynamic effects, are used to check the robustness of the results. The results indicate that in the G20 countries, finance significantly reduces environmental deficits through the resource efficiency channel. Moreover, rapid income growth and trade in these countries increase the ecological footprint and cause. In light of these findings, the integration of G20 countries into digital transformation is seen as the key to getting rid of ecological concerns. Fintech integrated into economic progress and trade will unlock a sustainable ecology from a resource efficiency perspective with the support of green finance.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Fintech
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecological Footprint
  topic: keywords
subject: MMQR Quantile Regression
  topic: keywords
creator: Meral Çabaş
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Meral Çabaş (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 45
ending page: 47
doi: 10.64360/xjjmw230

The Grain Crisis Caused by the Russia-Ukraine War and the Role of Türkiye
type: item
description: With Russia's declaration of war on Ukraine in February 2022, global crises and negative effects have occurred in many areas. The crisis that poses the greatest threat among these effects can be given as the crisis in grain products. With the grain crisis that occurred, exorbitant price increases in grain products began to occur around the world and this situation reached an unstoppable dimension. With the establishment of the United Nations, various agreements and regulations have been put forward from past to present for the security and peaceful living of countries. With the agreement put forward by the UN, mediation activities are carried out between countries in disagreement, thus preventing the world from being further affected by the negativities experienced. The grain crisis that occurred worldwide as a result of the mediation activity undertaken by Türkiye in the Russia-Ukraine war was prevented with the grain corridor that was created. At this point, it can be seen that Türkiye has caught opportunities from many perspectives and has started to use these opportunities advantageously through strategic planning. Within the scope of the study, the mediation role undertaken by Türkiye in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine was examined in detail.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Russia Ukraine War
  topic: keywords
subject: Mediation
  topic: keywords
subject: Türkiye
  topic: keywords
subject: Grain Crisis
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatih Çelik
creator: Gökhan Eği
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Öğr. Üyesi- Yüksek Lisans Öğrencisi (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 113
ending page: 123
doi: 10.64360/qg8h2s75

The Silent King: A Johari Window Reading on the Film The King’s Speech
type: item
description: Communication is the indispensable means of connection for human beings, who are social creatures. As ancient as the history of humanity itself, communication has appeared in diverse forms across the ages. Its essential nature for humans has allowed researchers to critically examine it. One such investigation is the Johari Window Model, developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham—its name derived from a combination of their first names. According to this model, an individual's scope of knowledge and perception is assessed across four areas: the open area, the blind area, the hidden area, and the unknown area. The open area comprises information and perceptions known both to the individual and to others; the hidden area encompasses what the individual knows but others do not know; the blind area refers to what others know but the individual does not; and the unknown area represents information unknown to both the individual and others. This research analyzes the 2010 British film The King’s Speech through the framework of the Johari Window Model. A qualitative research method, namely “document analysis,” was employed, and in the data collection phase, the “document review” technique was preferred. The findings obtained suggest that this analysis of the film will contribute to a deeper understanding of the concept of communication.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Johari Window
  topic: keywords
subject: Film Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: The King’s Speech
  topic: keywords
subject: Leadership
  topic: keywords
creator: Yavuz Sezer Oğuzhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Assoc. Prof. (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 99
ending page: 112
doi: 10.64360/m8qb8027

https://www.elegest.com/index.php/1/article/view/72
type: item
title: Non-refoulement and the prohibition of removal to a country where a foreigner cannot access medical treatment: an analysis of the European Court of Human Rights Judgment in Paposhvili / Belgium (Application no. 41738/10)
description: After World War I and II, the need to protect forcibly displaced refugees and asylum seekers led to the emergence of the principle of non-refoulement. Under human rights law, a foreign national undergoing treatment for a serious illness must not be returned to a country where they would be unable to access medical care, or where the return journey itself poses a health risk. In this context, the European Court of Human Rights’ judgment in Paposhvili v. Belgium broadened the scope of protection—not only for those facing terminal illness but also for individuals whose health would seriously deteriorate if returned. The ruling imposes on states a duty to assess the individual’s medical condition and to thoroughly examine the availability of appropriate treatment in the destination country before executing deportation. This paper examines the judgment in light of the principle of non-refoulement and the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of foreigners.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Migration
  topic: keywords
subject: Foreigner
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-Refoulement Principle
  topic: keywords
subject: Deportation
  topic: keywords
subject: Right to Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Cansu Pişkinpaşa Köklü
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Cansu Pişkinpaşa Köklü (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 84
ending page: 98
doi: 10.64360/kea6pq63

Workplace bullying and cynicism: The case of the retail sector
type: item
description: The level of stress in the workplace affects the level of employees to meet customer needs. There are various factors that affect the stress level of employees in the retail sector. These factors include bullying and pressure-based management by managers or employers. Increasing stress level decreases the performance and motivation of the personnel towards work, and may also lead to cynical feelings towards the company. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of workplace bullying on organizational cynicism and its dimensions in the retail sector. The sample of the research consists of 472 employees and managers working in markets of various scales operating in Kayseri. The primary data needed within the scope of the research were collected with the help of a questionnaire including the Organizational Cynicism Scale and the Workplace Bullying Scale. The hypotheses of the study were tested using correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis. At the end of the study, it was determined that there is a positive and significant relationship between workplace bullying and organizational cynicism and its dimensions.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Workplace bullying
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational cynicism
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive cynicism
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional cynicism
  topic: keywords
subject: Behavioral cynicism
  topic: keywords
creator: Sema Babayiğit
creator: Fevzi Karacadağ
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sema Babayiğit- Fevzi Karacadağ (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30
starting page: 47
ending page: 71
doi: 10.64360/cjzb5616

The importance of geographical indication products in destination promotion: The case of Develi
type: item
description: n today's travel and tourism industry, the creation of destination image, which has a significant impact on the perceptions of potential tourists in destination selection, holds great importance. In recent years, geographical indication products have become a notable factor in shaping destination image. Geographical indication products are valued by consumers due to their unique characteristics, quality, and reputation associated with a specific geographical region. Focusing on the potential of geographical indication products to contribute to the destination image is of paramount importance for Develi to more effectively leverage its tourism potential. This approach not only revitalizes the local economy but also enhances the region's capacity to attract more tourists. In this context, an analysis of studies related to Develi's tourism potential, destination image, and geographical indication products has been conducted to explore how Develi can contribute to the destination image through these distinctive products. This research, based on qualitative research methods, aims to provide various recommendations for strengthening Develi's destination image, drawing insights from the data obtained.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Geographical Indication
  topic: keywords
subject: Destination Image
  topic: keywords
subject: Develi
  topic: keywords
creator: Fadime Ertan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fadime Ertan (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 46
doi: 10.64360/p9jda787

The differentiation between generations: studies on generations x, y and z
type: item
description: In this study, published academic research and academic studies on intergenerational differentiation were evaluated and a systematic review approach was used to identify trends in intergenerational differentiation. The population of the study is the academic theses published by YÖK National Thesis Center in 2012-2022, and the sample of the study consists of 720 studies conducted between generations. When we look at the literature, it is seen that intergenerational studies generally examine marketing, brand and consumer groups. According to the results of the study, since different generations have different experiences and different perspectives, various ideas can be used to make more comprehensive and effective decisions when working or living together, different generations have different skills and can learn different experiences from each other when working together. It was also observed that each generation exhibits very different behaviors from the previous generation, and the reason for this is the change in behavior due to the rapid development of technology. Since different generations have different values, beliefs, expectations and ways of working, conflicts can arise when collaborating. When working together, the working environment can become more challenging as different generations use technology differently. In this context, it has been seen that intergenerational differences are an area that needs to be addressed in depth through further research. Future research on work values, job satisfaction and organizational commitment or marketing, brand and consumer research will improve the literature on the subject and in the light of existing research, it can be say that it would be useful to conduct research on Turkey-specific and cross-cultural transitions.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Studies on Generations
  topic: keywords
subject: Characteristics of Generations
  topic: keywords
subject: Generationsal Gaps
  topic: keywords
subject: Intergenerational Conflicts
  topic: keywords
creator: Feyza Kıvırcı
creator: Mustafa Öztunç
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Feyza Kıvırcı- Mustafa Öztunç (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 35
doi: 10.64360/pxqf1d34

Outsourcing in multinational companies
type: item
description: Multinational companies are the main actors of the liberalization process of production, trade and financial flows in the international conjuncture. Multinational companies are large-scale organizations that have higher gross domestic products and annual trade volumes from many countries in terms of their organizational structure a nd have the capacity to influence governments and international organizations. The fact that multinational companies are monopolistic or oligopolistic in international markets increases their power. They can limit competition by raising the price and profit rates of the markets, making agreements with derivative companies and preventing the entry of new companies into the markets. With the globalization process, the hegemony of multinational companies has become more evident, and their ability to maintain and maintain their current position in terms of sustainability has come to the fore. Particularly, rapid changes and transformations in information technology have made it necessary to benefit more from modern management approaches in businesses. It is seen that multinational companies resort to outsourcing in order to maintain their existence smoothly and strongly in the countries in which they operate. Outsourcing enables multinational companies to save labor and time in the production of products and services by outsourcing other companies to work other than their core-core activities.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Multinational Companies
  topic: keywords
subject: Globalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Outsourcing
  topic: keywords
subject: Supplier Company
  topic: keywords
subject: Free Trade
  topic: keywords
creator: Hasan Göktaş
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hasan Göktaş (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 20
doi: 10.64360/bxf85907

The relationship between workplace spirituality- employees’ workplace commitment and job satisfaction: A case study in Kayseri Organized Industrial Zone, Turkey
type: item
description: Workplace spirituality has gained increasing attention as a significant factor influencing employees' workplace commitment and job satisfaction. This abstract explores the intricate connection between workplace spirituality, employees' commitment to their organization, and overall job satisfaction. Workplace spirituality refers to integrating spiritual principles and values into the work environment, focusing on employees' holistic well-being and personal growth. By conducting a comprehensive literature review, this abstract highlights the importance of fostering a spiritually oriented workplace to enhance employee well-being and contribute to organizational success. The findings suggest that organizations embracing workplace spirituality witness higher levels of employee commitment and job satisfaction, leading to improved retention rates and overall performance. Furthermore, the abstract discusses the role of leadership in promoting workplace spirituality and offers practical strategies for its effective implementation in modern work settings. Emphasizing the positive outcomes associated with workplace spirituality, this abstract calls for organizations to recognize its potential and consider its incorporation a vital element of their organizational culture and practices.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Workplace Spirituality
  topic: keywords
subject: Workplace Commitment
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Topal Ramazan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Topal Ramazan (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-09-30
publication date: 2023-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.64360/c8bg7w85

Reconstruction in Georgia After Cold War: Zviad Gamsakhurdia and Eduard Şevardnadze Period
type: item
description: Geopolitics and geostrategic preoccupation have been on the radar of great powers in Georgia. After the end of the Cold War and the reindependence of the Soviet Union after the disintegration of Georgia, the first 10 years of Georgia's independence passed a turbulent process. While this independent new state tried to solve the problems of staying in the Soviet Union, it also made revisionist actions in its foreign policy. At the same time, efforts have been made to ensure the reform of state institutions. At the Democracy Examination, Georgia was given the biggest test. In this article, the issues of internal and external politics of the leaders that Georgia brought to power after winning independence of Georgia were dealt with, and the issue was restricted to Gamsakhurdia and Shevardnadze periods.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Gamsakhurdia
  topic: keywords
subject: Şevardnadze
  topic: keywords
subject: Georgia
  topic: keywords
subject: USSR
  topic: keywords
subject: RF
  topic: keywords
subject: USA
  topic: keywords
creator: Hakkı Ceyhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hakkı Ceyhan (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-03-31
publication date: 2023-03-31
starting page: 58
ending page: 70
doi: 10.64360/tpv6zz88

An Outlook on Global Tourism in the COVID- 19 Normalization Process: An Examination of Global Tourism Businesses in Fortune 1000
type: item
description: It has been observed that the effects of the Covid-19 process are reflected on all kinds of businesses on a global scale. Studies in the literature have sufficiently revealed the negative effects of the process on businesses. This study was carried out to determine how the mentioned effects changed in the tourism sector on a global basis during the Covid- 19 normalization process and their effects on businesses. For this purpose, global tourism businesses in the Fortune 1000 were examined by secondary data scanning by comparing the data of 2021 based on 2022 in terms of the determined sectors (food and beverage, accommodation, entertainment and transportation). In this context, 12 food and beverage, 8 accommodation, 5 entertainment and 8 transportation businesses were examined. Findings for the data show that food and beverage, accommodation, entertainment and transportation businesses have been positively affected during the Covid-19 normalization process.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Covid-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Fortune
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Businesses
  topic: keywords
subject: Tourism Sector
  topic: keywords
creator: Büşra Şener
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Büşra Şener (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-03-31
publication date: 2023-03-31
starting page: 41
ending page: 57
doi: 10.64360/wzwwhf51

Corporate identity and public relations in universities
type: item
description: In this study the concept of corporate identity in universities and the related role of public relations and information processing technologies in the formation of a corporate identity are expressed. The aim of the study is to put forward the concept of corporate identity in universities in terms of public relations and data processing technologies with the help of literature search. The current situation and capability of universities to use information processing technologies are tried to be defined by particularly studying the works related to the field. The fast change in the field of information processing technologies, the effects of this over public relations and, within this scope, its contribution to corporate identity while utilizing public relations form of the basis of the study.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: University
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Relations
  topic: keywords
subject: Communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Internet
  topic: keywords
creator: Canan Kevser
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Canan Kevser (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-03-31
publication date: 2023-03-31
starting page: 14
ending page: 24
doi: 10.64360/rjsge727

The impact of sales promotion strategies implemented by online retailers in virtual environments on consumer purchase decision
type: item
description: Reaching large audiences, speed and convenience in the marketing area the factors that make online platforms very attractive. In this study, the effect of sales promotion strategies applied by online retailers in the virtual area on consumer purchasing behavior was investigated. The aim of the study is to reveal the promotion strategies adopted by e-retailers who working out their marketing activities on the online platforms. Hereby, companies have to adapt to the competitive environment with the intense, and challenging conditions. The data was collected consumers who living in Kayseri and over the 18 ages. The findings was determined that price promotions applied by online retailers in the virtual platforms are effective on consumer perceptions and purchasing decisions. Moreover, informations about the strategies that online retailers should apply for sales promotion activities has been brought to the literature.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: E-Retail
  topic: keywords
subject: Promotion Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Service Quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Gökçe Kalalı Yıldırım
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gökçe Kalalı Yıldırım (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-03-31
publication date: 2023-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.64360/p8f8d292

Transformation from Traditional Retailer to Electronic Retailer (E-Retail): An Assessment on Online Marketers
type: item
description: Depending on the developments in technology and especially with the development of the internet, the paradigms of doing business are radically transformed. One of the most striking changes is taking place in the retail industry. Although non-store retailing existed with applications such as catalogues, telephones and direct sales in previous periods, it has never had the current volume and speed of change. Today, the volume of e-retailing has exceeded one-fifth of the total retail volume and is advancing rapidly. This change is not only quantitative, but takes place in all concepts of retailing. While some of the factors that were very important before become unimportant, the unimportant ones become important, and some important factors maintain their importance. In this study, it was conceptually examined how the basic marketing concepts of product, place, price and promotion activities changed in terms of retailers and consumers in the transition from traditional retailing to e-retailing. In the study, Hepsiburada, which is the most established e-retailer operating in Turkey, Trendyol, which is currently the most popular, and Amazon marketplace, which is predicted to carry the leadership in the world to Turkey, are examined and compared in terms of related concepts. Within the framework of the evaluations put forward in the study, it was tried to present a foresight to the sector stakeholders by presenting a perspective on the present and the future
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Retailing
  topic: keywords
subject: Online retailing
  topic: keywords
subject: Online marketplaces
  topic: keywords
subject: Online shopping platforms
  topic: keywords
creator: Birol Durak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Birol Durak (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30
starting page: 70
ending page: 83
doi: 10.64360/pjqapq63

The Effects of Digital Marketing Strategies and Online Reviews on HotelPerformance: An Application in Hotel Operations Operating in Corum
type: item
description: In the digital age, we are in, the increasing prevalence of internet users all over the world and the rapid development of digital technologies have greatly influenced the marketing process in businesses. This process has increased the importance of digital marketing, which brings a different perspective to the traditional marketing practices used in businesses. In this context, the aim of the study is to find out whether there is a difference in hotel performance according to the digital marketing strategies and online reviews applied in tourism management certified hotel enterprises operating in Corum center and to offer useful advice to hotel enterprises operating with the inferences reached in the research. Within the scope of the research, a questionnaire was applied to all tourism management-certified hotels in the city center using the full count method, in which the number of overnight stays and digital marketing activities was measured. According to the results of the analysis, room occupancy differs depending on whether you have a digital marketing plan, whether you respond quickly to guest reviews, and whether you give personalized responses to guest reviews. Rev-Par differs depending on whether guests are encouraged to post reviews or not. However, room occupancy and Rev-Par do not differ depending on whether other digital marketing strategies are used or not.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Digital hotel marketing strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Hotel performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Room occupancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Rev-Par
  topic: keywords
creator: Duran Kuru
creator: Kumru Uyar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Duran Kuru- Kumru Uyar (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30
starting page: 50
ending page: 69
doi: 10.64360/pdtxxf81

ALiterature Review on Tourist Guidance and Tourist 5.0 in the Period of Smart Tourism
type: item
description: Today, developments in the tourism sector are closely related to technological transformations and their use. Therefore, with the rapidly developing technology, new concepts and structures are emerging, one of which is "smart tourism (tourism 4.0) and tourist 5.0". The reflections of the 3D virtual world, known as reality technologies, which have been the center of attention of the world in recent times, on the tourism sector is one of the phenomena that attracts attention. This study aims to contribute to the relationship of virtual universes opened with industry 4.0 with tourist guidance and tourist 5.0 from a semiotic point of view, and to provide a comprehensive knowledge by synthesizing the definitions, development, characteristics and examples of the concepts of smart tourism, tourist guidance in smart tourism and tourist 5.0 in the related literature aims. In this context, it is thought that the study is important in the related literature in terms of the place of tourist guidance in the tourism of the future and the concept of tourist 5.0 and to set an example for future studies.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Smart Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Tourist Guidance
  topic: keywords
subject: Tourist 5.0
  topic: keywords
creator: Didem Aşar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Didem Aşar (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30
starting page: 43
ending page: 49
doi: 10.64360/jdjqwx69

Evaluation of Customer Journey Touchpointsin Online Shopping: An Application in Textile and Apparel Industry
type: item
description: The development in digital technologies has brought about the formation of new interaction channels, consequently new touchpoints. Thus, the customer experience has become more comprehensive and versatile. During the journey, the interactions between customers and brands can be measured with customer journey maps, which are used to identify customer wants and needs, and to reveal pain and gain points on the journey. In this study, in which the data obtained with semi-structured interview form were subjected to thematic analysis, it is aimed to evaluate the customer journey touchpoints of textile and apparel sector, which is one of the most problematic sectors in terms of transferring the store experience to online platforms. Research data revealed the importance of trust and speed in online shopping platforms. In addition, it was determined that customers developed creative solutions in line with the unmet needs at some touchpoints and went beyond the designed experience. It is thought that the findings obtained are guiding both for future studies in the literature and for mapping studies of brands in the sector.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Deneyimsel Pazarlama
  topic: keywords
subject: Müşteri Deneyimi
  topic: keywords
subject: Müşteri Yolculuğu
  topic: keywords
subject: Temas Noktaları
  topic: keywords
subject: Çevrim İçi Alışveriş
  topic: keywords
subject: Experiential Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Experience
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Journey
  topic: keywords
subject: Touchpoints
  topic: keywords
subject: Online Shopping
  topic: keywords
creator: Banu Demir Koçoğlu
creator: Eyyüp Yaraş
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Banu Demir Koçoğlu- Eyyüp Yaraş (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30
starting page: 30
ending page: 42
doi: 10.64360/2xa5vm61

An Evaluation on Homestay asaType of Community-Based Tourism
type: item
description: Homestay tourism has developed as an important type of tourism for many countries since 1990s. Homestay is a tourism approach that gives importance to the local people, environment and culture. To the best of author’s knowledge, there is no academic study and practice in Turkey on homestay tourism, which has been successfully carried out by different countries such as Thailand and Malaysia. The aim of this study is to make evaluation and suggestions by reviewing the studies in international literature on homestay tourism.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Homestay
  topic: keywords
subject: Community-based tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
creator: Sezer Karasakal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sezer Karasakal (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30
starting page: 23
ending page: 29
doi: 10.64360/xh4wp033

A Model Proposal for Occupational Safety and Healthfor Tourism Enterprises
type: item
description: This research aims to create a model in order to best determine the causes and types of occupational accidents and occupational diseases in the tourism industry. The model, which was prepared based on previous studies, was built on the framework of unsafe behavior and unsafe environment. Thanks to the model, which is planned to be a guide for OSH studies to be carried out on employees in various fields of the tourism industry, on the one hand, it will be possible to distinguish more accurately and reveal the causes of work accidents and occupational diseases, on the other hand, whether the measures to be taken will be aimed at correcting the employee's behavior or regulating the working environment can be determined.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Occupational Safety and Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Accident
  topic: keywords
subject: Occupational Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Unsafe Behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Unsafe Condition
  topic: keywords
creator: Gülşah Akkuş
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gülşah Akkuş (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30
starting page: 15
ending page: 22
doi: 10.64360/q5kz7h83

The Impact of the New Public Administration Approach on Public Institutions and the Model of the Public Business Management
type: item
description: The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the new public administration approach on public institution by tackling its public operation and outsourcing aspects. The traditional public administration approach that is organized in accordance with the bureaucracy model of Max Weber covering detailed rules, based on rough hierarchy, centralist and being stylistic has been criticized. From this perspective, the traditional public administration is slow and bulky in service provision and its features of being reluctant to take responsibility and extremely disciplined and controlled turn out to be functionless. With the effect of the economic and technological developments that come into being as something cyclical, the new public administration approach has become the dominant paradigm. The new public administration approach has paved the way for the allocation of the model of public business administration and the techniques of the administration and techniques of an organization in public institutions. Outsourcing in public institutions which is an application of a modern administration that is frequently used in organizations has started to be put into practice in public institutions as well.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: The New Public Administration
  topic: keywords
subject: The New Business Administration in Public
  topic: keywords
subject: Institution
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Institution
  topic: keywords
subject: Outsourcing
  topic: keywords
creator: Hasan Göktaş
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hasan Göktaş (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-09-30
publication date: 2022-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.64360/kjky1v48

Application of Personality Analysis for Brands in the Automotive Industry: Investigation of Aaker's Dimensions of Brand Personality
type: item
description: Personality analysis research is widely carried out under the department of business, especially organizational behavior and marketing. Personality analysis can be made with personal characteristics, emotional expressions, as well as through the impressions reflected by colors. In this study, the colors of a brand logo in the automotive industry and the brand personality of the colors were determined and their effects on brand perception were investigated. The aim of the study is to reveal the brand personalities of potential customers by determining their perceptions of the colors in the brand logos in the automotive industry. Thus, companies can conduct studies to change the consumer perception of unexpected results; identify a suitable brand personality. The data were collected from the customers of the three big shopping malls in Adana. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis. The findings showed that brand perception is affected by the color of the brand logo; it is a guide for brands in their design process. In addition, information about the brand personality reflected by individual colors about the automotive sector has been brought into the literature.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Automobile Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Brand
  topic: keywords
subject: Personality Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Brand Personality
  topic: keywords
subject: ColorPerception
  topic: keywords
creator: S. Ece Yılmaz
creator: Yalçın Köklü
creator: Onur Çelik
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 S. Ece Yılmaz- Yalçın Köklü- Onur Çelik (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-03-30
publication date: 2022-03-30
starting page: 51
ending page: 61
doi: 10.64360/tf267776

Where is Luxury Tourism Headed? A Conceptual Evaluation
type: item
description: The ever-growing demand for luxury travel, depending on the development of global economies, is a niche market on its own in international tourism. For this reason, countries, tourism regions and businesses are in a race in the design of products or services to meet the demand for luxury tourism. However, tourists who demand luxury tourism show some differences compared to other masses. In this context, research; It is designed to showcase current developments in the luxury tourism industry and explore what the market is waiting for. In the study, which adopted a qualitative approach, the document analysis technique was used. Scientific data has been obtained from academic studies, company documents, journals and declarations of various tourism organizations. The results revealed that many different types of luxury tourism experience have developed, as well as that tourists who demand luxury tourism care about their unique individual experiences. Suggestions made depending on the inferences were presented to the reader's information while the research was concluded.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Lux Travel
  topic: keywords
subject: Space Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Virtual Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: E-spor
  topic: keywords
subject: Instagram
  topic: keywords
creator: Burak Atasoy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Burak Atasoy (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-03-30
publication date: 2022-03-30
starting page: 38
ending page: 50
doi: 10.64360/tjjwzn20

Cultural Intelligence and Organizational Intelligence: A Comparative Study
type: item
description: In 1920, together with Thorndike, he argued that it wouldn’t be correct to explain intelligence only cognitively and that different factors could be explained by different types of intelligence. The understanding of intelligence began diversifing with social intelligence, thanks to Thorndike, the discovery of man reached different dimensions. One type of intelligence in question is cultural intelligence and organizational intelligence. The ability to adopt different cultures and manage both oneself and the individual and society is explained by the high level of cultural intelligence. Organizations wanting gain competitive power in the globalizing world also develop their own policies and create a perception of organizational common intelligence. In this study, it’s aimed revealing the relationship between the use of cultural intelligence of employees serving and organizational intelligence in their organizations. In addition, the fact that no study has been found in the literature on these two issues makes the study important.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Cultural Quotient
  topic: keywords
subject: Organizational Quotient
  topic: keywords
subject: Quotient
  topic: keywords
creator: Yavuz Sezer Oğuzhan
creator: Ayşe Nihan Arıbaş
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yavuz Sezer Oğuzhan- Ayşe Nihan Arıbaş (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-03-30
publication date: 2022-03-30
starting page: 25
ending page: 37
doi: 10.64360/9d044923

Human Resources Management in Tourism The Case of Azerbaijan
type: item
description: In the Azerbaijani economy, the human resource management system is an important component that determines the success of the operations of businesses in the hospitality and tourism industry. At the same time, management approaches may vary depending on the size, organizational and legal forms of tourism industry. The aim of the article is to examine the process of creating effective human resources management in hospitality industry enterprises and to develop suggestions for its improvement. In order to achieve this aim, the following objectives have been determined; consider the theoretical and methodological foundations of the human resource management system; To describe the features and problems of the development of human resources in Azerbaijan tourism; provide a balanced scorecard for the motivation system and improvement aspects of human resources; formulate recommendations and recommendations to improve training and human resource development. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work was the work of Azerbaijani and foreign scientists in the field of theory and practice of human resource management.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Tourism Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Resources Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Republic of Azerbaijan
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Fatif Akcan
creator: Zeynab Khamayeva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 A. Fatif Akcan- Zeynab Khamayeva (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-03-30
publication date: 2022-03-30
starting page: 15
ending page: 24
doi: 10.64360/7tzg5n54

The Importance of Public Investments in Regional Development: The Case of Ağrı
type: item
description: In this study, the effects of public investments on regional development and public investments made in Agri province were examined by making a general evaluation of interregional development differences. The existence of economic development differences between developed regions and underdeveloped regions directly or indirectly damages the national economy. In this respect, one of the most important tools used to increase the economic vitality of the underdeveloped regions of the country is public expenditures. In addition, incentives provided by the state in order to attract private sector investments to the region are also important at this point. The province of Agri, which is located in the least developed region of our country, is one of the most underdeveloped provinces of Turkey in terms of socioeconomics. The fact that the city has many disadvantages causes its economic level to lag behind. It is seen that the economic problems in Agri cause many cultural and sociological problems. In this framework, the period between 2000 and 2020 of public investments in Agri province was examined and the effects of the expenditures on the socioeconomic development level of the city were emphasized.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Public Expenditures
  topic: keywords
subject: Interregional Development Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Investments
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Investments in Agri Province
  topic: keywords
creator: Hasan Arpaç
creator: Nazife Özge Beşer
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hasan Arpaç- Nazife Özge Beşer (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2022-03-30
publication date: 2022-03-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 14
doi: 10.64360/dq92yw64

An overview of global tourism in the Covid-19 process: a sectoral review of global tourism businesses in Fortune 1000
type: item
description: The study aimed to examine multinational tourism businesses (accommodation, food and beverage and entertainment) in the Fortune 1000 using up-to-date statistical data. The research is important in that it provides an overall statistical perspective on the current situation of multinational accommodation, food and beverage and entertainment businesses. In this context, 8 accommodations, 11 food and beverages and 5 entertainment businesses were included in the research. A qualitative approach and document review method were adopted in the research. The research data is compiled from the statistics for 2021 on the Fortune WEB Site. When the research findings were examined, it was observed that the vast majority of accommodation, food and beverage and entertainment businesses in the top 1000 business lists were affected by the transformations in social activities and changes in consumption preferences, especially recently with the Covid 19 pandemic, and their revenues decreased. In this case, it has caused businesses on the Fortune 1000 list to lose their position.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Covid-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Fortune
  topic: keywords
subject: Multinational Businesses
  topic: keywords
subject: Tourism Businesses
  topic: keywords
creator: Üzeyir Emrah İlter
creator: Yasin Bulut
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Üzeyir Emrah İlter- Yasin Bulut (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 81
ending page: 93
doi: 10.64360/zp5hna14

Theorical backgroung of demographic variables in marketing research
type: item
description: When the academic studies in marketing science are analyzed, it is seen that the analysis of the demographic characteristics of the selected sample groups plays an important role in both descriptive data and testing of hypotheses. Demographic characteristics of consumers in the marketing decision-making process are especially emphasized in most studies. However, it can be said that the explanations about why these differences are expected and how they occur are insufficient. In fact, it is seen that the fact that researchers' views in front of the related field literature in the demographic characteristics grouping leads to different groupings. However, for marketing, which makes frequent use of other disciplines, editing demographic data according to the relevant literature will increase the reliability and validity of the studies and facilitate the interpretation. The aim of this study is to determine the theoretical framework that can form the theoretical background of the expected differences or indifference in the hypothesis tests conducted according to gender, age, education level, income and occupation of consumers.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Demography
  topic: keywords
subject: Job
  topic: keywords
subject: Age
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Education Status
  topic: keywords
creator: Alperen Timuçin Sönmez
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alperen Timuçin Sönmez (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
starting page: 66
ending page: 80
doi: 10.64360/mzkmvc56

Political systems of the USSR and the Russian Federation
type: item
description: Although there were different political systems specific to the periods, the USSR had a one-party system based on the ideology of totalitarian socialism. There are basically five periods: the era of Lenin, a one-party democratic system where different views within the party were discussed, the authoritarian and oppressive Stalin era, based on the ideology of "Stalinism", the cult of personality and the understanding of "Stalin and the Party make no mistakes", the era of Khrushchev where personality cult, oppression,terror and disintegration were experienced, the period of Brezhnev stagnation, the period of Perestroika that started in the Andropov period and continued in the Gorbachev period and ended with the collapse of the USSR. The Russian Federation, based on a secular, multi-party, presidential system, which was established with the collapse of the USSR and the name change of the RSFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) which was a part of it. There are two periods: Yeltsin period, when liberal-democracy was tried and oligarchy was formed, and it still continues. Putin era, which represents the centralist, authoritarian, oligarchic, controlled democratic system in progress.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Russia
  topic: keywords
subject: the political system of the Russian Federation
  topic: keywords
subject: the Soviets
  topic: keywords
subject: the USSR
  topic: keywords
subject: the political system of the USSR
  topic: keywords
creator: Rafael Gurbanov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rafael Gurbanov (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 43
ending page: 65
doi: 10.64360/80pbkx66

The expansion process of the shanghai cooperation organization and its effects on regional balances
type: item
description: Although the last century led to the creation of a unipolar world order, it has been observed that the ongoing global activity areas have changed with the new century. The Western nations that ruled the world faced the formation of new power blocks in the east and found their old sovereignty undermined. At this point, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which was born as a joint venture of Russia and China, leads the eastern power blocks. Thanks to the political, economic and military policies it has developed since its establishment, it has become an organization where the demands for membership have increased. Among its members, the world's economic giants China and India, Russia, whose political authority has been accepted by global circles, Pakistan, which plays a key role in the solution of the problem of terrorism, the Central Asian republics, which are a paradise of energy resources, and Iran, the important actor of the Middle East, which the West turns away from, the presence of the organization's global and regional It proves how critical it is for balances. In this study, the situation of regional balances created by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization will be analyzed with the help of its new members, thanks to the expansion policy it has maintained since its establishment.
subject: Makaleler
  topic: section
subject: Regional Balance
  topic: keywords
subject: China
  topic: keywords
subject: Iran
  topic: keywords
subject: Russia
  topic: keywords
subject: Shanghai Cooperation Organization
  topic: keywords
creator: Şule Deveci
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Şule Deveci (Yazar) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2021-12-31
publication date: 2021-12-31
starting page: 33
ending page: 42
doi: 10.64360/6jqk6211